What are the differences between globe valves and gate valves?
2025-12-12
In industrial piping systems, globe valves and gate valves are two of the most commonly used shutdown valves. Although both are designed for starting and stopping fluid flow, they differ significantly in structural design, operating principles, application scenarios, and overall performance. Understanding these differences helps engineers make informed selections that ensure system efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. I. Key Differences in Structure and Operating Principles 1. Different opening and closing mechanisms Globe Valve: The disc moves up and down along a path perpendicular to the flow direction. Shutoff is achieved when the disc and seat sealing surfaces come into full contact. Gate Valve: The gate moves vertically in a manner similar to a “gate” that is either fully open or fully closed, with sealing achieved through surface compression. This means that globe valves are suitable for precise throttling, while gate valves are mainly used for full open or full shut service. 2. Flow path design differences A globe valve has an S-shaped flow path that forces the medium to change direction, resulting in higher flow resistance. A gate valve features a straight-through flow path with minimal resistance and low pressure drop, making it better suited for long-distance transmission. II. Differences in Application Scenarios 1. Throttling vs. On/Off Service Globe valves can be used for throttling and flow regulation, making them suitable for applications requiring high sealing performance and precise flow control, such as steam, cooling water, and various process media. Gate valves are not suitable for throttling, as operating them in a partially open position may cause gate vibration, damage to the sealing surfaces, and fluid-induced impact. Gate valves are ideal for large-diameter pipelines where low flow resistance is required and switching frequency is relatively low, including oil transportation, water supply and drainage, and power plant systems. 2. Size range and installation space Globe valves are generally used in small to medium sizes (more common below DN50). Their body structure is heavier and requires more installation space. Gate valves are suitable for medium to large sizes. Due to their simpler design, they offer a cost advantage in larger dimensions. III. Sealing Performance and Pressure Ratings 1. Differences in sealing surface design The globe valve features a tapered sealing surface, which achieves tight shutoff through axial compression, making it easier to obtain reliable sealing performance. The gate valve uses either parallel or wedge-type sealing surfaces. Its sealing effectiveness depends largely on the pressure applied by the gate and is more influenced by the system’s medium pressure. 2. Pressure and temperature adaptability Both valve types are suitable for medium- to high-pressure and high-temperature applications....